“Standard Rural Schools
1.  The school term must be at least nine months in length.
2.  The teacher must be a holder of first grade county certificate or its equivalent.
3.  The school grounds must be adequate, well drained, and kept clean.
4.  The school building and out-buildings must be adequate, comply with the law, and kept in good repair, clean and sanitary.
5.  The board must have a good well on the grounds or the use of one nearby and provide sanitary methods for the use of water.
6.  The school must provide single desks suitable size adjusted to the need of the children, and the room must contain at least square feet of floor space to each child.
7.  The schoolroom must be lighted from the left or the left and rear with the window area equivalent to one-fifth of the floor space.
8.  The heating must be some approved type and the room must contain 200 cubic feet of air space for each child.
9.  The school must be equipped with teacher’s desk and chair, globe, maps, blackboards, and up-to-date textbooks.
10.  Sanitary methods of cleaning must be employed.

When a school reaches this standard it is scored on a percent basis on a score card, and a plate reading ‘Standard School’ is sent from the state department. In 1922, none of the Madison county  schools have been given this plate. By August, 1924, eleven carried the honor. While many other districts have good buildings, and are excellent in other respects, they lack on some one of the requirements, most often in the matter of lighting, cross lights, or front or right-hand light being considered very harmful to the pupil.  The state department say that a good quota for Madison county would be 25.

The schools with Standard plates, August,.1924, were as follows:
St. John’s Lutheran, Green Garden
No. 6  Union Valley, Ed Stevens,
No. 8  Born, S. M. Stewart,
No. 10  Deer Creek, Rudy Tiedgen.
No. 15  Red School House,  A. C. Schmidt,
No. 36  Jenkins, Emil Konicek,
No. 47  Enola, H. A. Varner,
No. 50  West Emerick, W. G. Reeves,
No. 62  Harbottle,  Gunder Forre,
No. 77  Pleasant Hill, W. W. Williams
No. 88  Upland, Dick Boe, Sr.”
Source: fully quoted from “Madison Star-Mail”, Thursday, Aug. 7, 1924 on page 5

The following names are from articles in newspapers over various years. The number before the name is the school district number.  The number after the name is in reference to the sources listed below along with the date it was found in the newspapers.   [ Please note that the spellings are given as found in the various sources.  Some of them appear to have been misspelled. ]

Sources:
1. “The Norfolk Daily News”, Thursday, August 23, 1928 on page 4
2.  “The Norfolk Daily News”, Thursday, June 25, 1931 on page 8
3.   “The Norfolk Daily News”, Wednesday, August 1, 1934 on page 2
4.   “Madison Star-Mail”, Thursday, August 15, 1935 on page 1 and 5
5.   “Madison Star-Mail”, Thursday, September 13, 1945 on page 1 and 4
6.   “The Norfolk Daily News”, Wednesday, September 18, 1946 on page 1 and 8
7.   “The Norfolk Daily News”, Thursday, September 11, 1952 on page 1
8.   “The Norfolk Daily News”, Tuesday, August 27, 1963 on page 10
9.   “The Norfolk Daily News”, Friday, August 9, 1968 on page 3

County Superintendent
Mrs. Alice Hall 1; Mrs. Alice Hall 2; Mrs. Alice Hall 3; Miss Gladys Homan 4;
Mrs. Gladys Homan Breidert 5; Gladys Homan-Breidert 6; Musetta Gilman 7;
Mrs. John Say 8; not named 9

Accredited High Schools:
Enola High School, District No. 47 —  Mrs. Dawn Spears 1, Frances Reimers 1;
Frances Raymond 1, Bessie Moorhead 1; Mrs. Leola Gibson 4,
Robert E. Templin 4, Eva Horsham 4, Ruth Yenter 4
Liberty Consolidated, District No. 83 –– C. L. Coombs 1, Mrs. Irma Coombs 1,
Dorothea Krueger 1,  Pearl Christensen 1; L. G. Graham 4, Esther Spangler 4,
Helen Johnson 4, Edna Wagner 4

Approved High Schools:
Warnerville High School, District No. 25 — Mae Morris 1, Clara Mashek 1;
Viola Homan 4, Frances Atkins 4
Mt. Hope High School, District No. 27 — Emma Kerwin 1, Edith Muffley 1;
Dorothy Simson 4, Irene Black 4
Honeysett High School, District No. 33 — Irene Holder 1, Isabel Barkdoll 1;
G. Elena Muffly 4, Clara Martens 4
Harbottle High School, District No. 62 — Lenora Grubb 1, Myrtle Oss 1;
Myrtle Saarem 4, H. S. not reported 4

One-Room Schools:
3.    Ruth  Raasch 1; Dorothy Mathews 3; Dorothy Mathews 4; LaVerne Kellner 5;
Twyla Tannehill 7; Mrs. Maryanne D. McDaniel 8; Mrs. Ella Jensen 9
4.    Inez Baker 1; Martha Zurcher 2; Ellen Schumacher 3; Nora E. Terry 4;
Elizabeth Deckert 5; Anne Warner 7; Mrs. Dennis Carson 8
6.    Lenore O’Gorman 1; Margaret Leffler 2; Linda Maurer 3; Linda Maurer 4;
Lorna Nicolay 5; Marlyn Schumacker 7; Mrs. Ruth Tegeler 8; Mrs. Esther Crane 9
7.    Leona Maurer 1; Delda Maurer 4; Irene Turley 5; Bethel Hartsock 7;
Mrs. Audrey Fuchs 8
8.    Anna O’Gorman 1; Anna O’Gorman 3; Natalie Erxleben 4; Lavona Pugh 5;
Mrs. Zora Bland 6; Jean Beeks 7; Mrs. Lenora Nathan 8
9.    Margaret McVittie 1; Helen Johnson 2; Deida Maurer 3; Dorothy Anderson 5;
Elaine Zohner 7
10.  Ruth Braun 1; Elizabeth Steward 3; Beth Steward 4; Mrs. Elizabeth Brown 5;
Elizabeth Brown 6; Ramona Werner 7; Mrs. Charlotte Williams 8
11.  Evelyn Purtzer 1; Leona Buckler 3; not reported 4; Mrs. Zera Blank 5;
Collene Northouse 6; Helen Henry 7
14.  Lucille Krampien 1; Pearl Ferris 3; Erna Heggemeyer 4; Melba Tarpening 5;
Jean Pratt 7
15.  Mary Cowles 1; Isabel Dickenson 2; Stella Mae Robbins 3; Pauline Fredrickson 4;
Mary Jo Stephen 5; Marlene Neidig 7
16.  Irvin Horner 1; Mrs. Helen Wiedman 3; Helen Wiedman 4; Doris Linn 5;
Corinne Swogger 7; Mrs. Esther Crane 8; Miss Marilyn Olsen 9
17.  Esther Stirk 1; Eizabeth Roemer 3; Mary Stirk 4; Geraldine Groninger 5;
Carol Tiedgen 7
18.  Elnora Hepfinger 1; Elnora Hepfinger 2; Marie Alyea 3; Vera Baker 4;
Delpha Halsey 5; Doris Fischer 7; Mrs. Vernell Horrocks 9
19.  Opal Ikenburg 1; Fern Frey 3; Fern Frey 4; Lucille Tisthammer 5
20.  Harriet Young 1; Alice Fisher 3; Alice Fisher 4; Contracting 5;
Mrs. Margaret White 6; Adaline Malmberg 7; Mrs. Nadine Taege 8;
Mrs. LaRene Ditter 9
21.  Mrs. Audrey Higbee 1; Mrs. Audrey Higbee 2; Marjorie Baker 3; Marjorie Baker 4;
Mary E. Blair 5; Donald Munger 7; Mrs. Vernell Horrocks 8
22.  Mary House 1; Dorothy Copeland 2; Judith Marr 3; Grace Simson 4;
Bernice Rasmussen 5; Marjorie  Krueger 7; Mrs. Eldora Olson 8;
Mrs. Mabel VanErt 9
23.  Anna Dittrick 1; Ruth Martin 3; Margaret Kielty 4; Elaine Otjen 5;
Marcilene Coover 7; Mrs. Yvonne Lichtenburg 8
24.  Marie Piere 1; Edna Gibbs 3; Edna Gibbs 4; LaDonna Wieting 5; Nadine Tyler 7;
Ronald E. Synovec 8; Ronald Synovec 9
25.  Mr. and Mrs. Martin Buschkamp 3; Bessie Horner 7; Mrs. Jeanne Nelson 8;
Mrs. Luretta Christiansen 9
26.  Reta Marr 1; Viola Reeves 3; Viola Reeves 4; Wilma Stewart 5; Alta King 6
27.  Irene Black 3; Nadine Shirreffs 5; Eleanor Hamley 7; Mrs. Jean Carstens 8;
Mrs. Eleanor Hamley 9
28.  Lois Van Meter 1; May Holy 3; Catherine Schmitt 4; Helen King 5; Alta King 7;
Mrs. Beverly Bayne 8
29.  Elizabeth Dorr 1; Clara Halverson 3; Clara Halverson 4; Phyllis Cook 5;
Betty Volk 6; Mary Ann Kaufman 7; Mrs. JoAnne Duhachek 8
30.  Daisy Robinson 1; Beulah Penwell 3; Beulah Penwell 4
31.  Izola Higbee 1; Wanda Wheeling 2; Wanda Wheeling 3; Wanda Wheeling 4;
Evelyn Tarpening 5; Leatrice Erbst 7; Mrs. Martha Werner 8;
Mrs. Margaret White 9
33.  Clara Martens 3, Elena Muffley 3; Eunice Dahl 5; Eveyln Speicher 6;
Mary Ann Soulier 7; Mrs. Anne Warner 8
34.  Carrie Boyle 1; Edith Muffley 3; Edith Muffly; Opal Rudnick 5; Clarice House 7;
Mrs. Pearl Kerkman 8; Mrs. Ruth Ekstrom 9
35.  Marie Lemke 1; no teacher hired 3; Ruth Whisman 4; Harriett Leu 5
36.  Edna Volk 1; Olive Dannals 3; Olive Dannals 4; Lorrine Meier 5; Marie Scheffler 7;
Mrs. Mayme Anderson 8
37.  Delila Bick 1; LaRose Crowley 3; LaRose Crowley 4; Glenn Kear 5; Glenn Kear 7;
Mrs. Ella Jensen 8; Mrs. Dianna Brozek 9, Mrs. Sally McNeill 9, Mrs. Mary Bazyn 9
38.  Lota Muffley 3; Nina Grant 4; Alta King 5; Eleanor Fieling 7
40.  Amalia Ditzen 1; Dorothy Higbee 3; Erma Gabelman 4; Norma Pospisil 5;
Alma King 7; Mrs. Vera Horn 8
41.  Alvar Olson 1; Margaret Probert 2; Rubye McCarroll 3; Agnes Wagner 4;
Ruth Maguire 5; Ruth McGuire 6; JoAnn Botsford 7; Mrs. Ruth McKeever 8
42.  Dorothy Reeves 1; LaVerne Purtzer 3; not reported 4; Cordia Leu 5
43.  Helen Heckendorf 1; Estella Larson 2; Ellen Fisher 3; Rose Freeland 4;
Edna Saltonstall 7; Mrs. Elva Mullen 8; Mrs. Helen Donohoe 9
44.  Elizabeth Shipley 1; Lois Shipley 2; Lois Stork 3; Dois Stork 4; Delores Rudnick 5;
Alma King 6; Alvina Kezlan 7; Mrs. Dawn Dederman 8
45.  Retta Sexton 1; Clara Halverson 2; Audrey Simonsen 3; Reona Christensen 4;
Mrs. G. B. Larsen 5; Mrs. Mildred Peterson 6; Guy Stewart 7
46.  Nellie Cowles 1; Dorothy Copeland 3; Lillian Valoda 4; Mrs. Cathryne Long 5;
Julia Kielty 7; Mrs. Minnie Wade 8; Mrs. Doris Cary 9 [should be Carey]
47.  Mrs. Gibson 3, Mr. Bishop 3, Gladys Homan 3, Elizabeth Dorr 3;
Mrs. Helen Weidman 5; Cathryne Long 6; Mabel Letheby 7, Pat Brogan 7;
Mrs. Clarence Gummus 8; Mrs. Martha Wener 9, Mrs. Marilyn Love 9
48.  Avis Besk 1; Margaret Malone 3; Esther Kilmer 4; Eileen Lintner 5;
Cleora Zimmerman 7; Mrs. Lennie Horn 8; Phil Warner 9
49.  Olive Dannals 1; Dorothy Schmidt 2; Mildred Solso 3; not reported 4;
Adrienne Anderson 5; Kay Schamdeke 7; Mrs. Rose Mary Lubischer 8
50.  Mrs. Bessie Borchers 1; Garnet Hanke 3; Garnet Hanka 4; Helen Schutt 5;
Betty Vakoc 7; Mrs. Mary Roberg 8
51.  Helen Thomsen 1; Veva Sasse 3; Veva Sasse 4; Collen Northouse 5;
Nadine Sherriffs 6; Jeanette Frey 7
52.  Mrs. Mabel Weiting 1; Royal Brosh 3; Royal Brosh 4; Betty June Lewis 5;
Mary Horrocks 7; Mrs. Maryann Watson 8
53.  Catherine Jensen 1; Delores Miller 3; not reported 4; Barbara Jean Claus 5;
LaVern Schulz 7
54.  Irene Shade 1; Mildred Johnson 3; Mildred Johnson 4; Alma King 5;
Wanda Kreitman 7; Miss Mary Ann Koenig 8
55.  Helen N. Johnson 1; Eva Oss 3; Olive Johnson 4; Ava Nell Fowlkes 5;
Barbara Peterson 7; Mrs. Verna Belle Nelson 8
56.  Bernice Gerken 1; Leona Grubb 3; Leona Grubb 4; Mary Jo Stephen 7;
Mrs. Emma Letterman 8
57.  Thelma Bryant 1; Mrs. Bessie Borchers 2; Olive Johnson 3; Eleanor Gardels 4;
Betty Ann Volk 5
58.  Myrtle Johnson 1; Margaret Tonning 2; Mildred Vagge 3; Alice Paulson 4;
Vera Ryan 5; Caryl Duhacek 7; Mrs. Clara Munger 8
59.  Norma Hansen 1; Lorraine Anderson 2; Reona Christensen 3; Eva Oss 4;
Rae Ome Lindahl 5; LuJean Duhacek 7
61. Esther Roewert 1; Wilma Linn 3; Wilma Lind 4; Gertrude Pfisterer 5;
Mary E. Blair 7; Harvey J. Rhodus 8
62.  Fredericka Johnson 2, Myrtle Oss 2; Myrtle Oss 3, Mae Lou Baker 3;
Alvina Miller 5; Alvina Miller 6; Dennis Thavenet 7; Mrs. Blanche Johnson 8,
Mrs. Ione Jacobsen 8; Mrs. Lois Christensen 9
64.  Evelyn Malm 1; Ruth Rowoldt 3; Ruth Rowoldt 4; Grace Preusker 5;
Mildred McNamee 7; Mrs. Elizabeth Brown 8; Mrs. Lottie Klein 9
65.  Loretta Marotz 1; Engeline Marotz 3; Frances Reimers 4; Mrs. Catherine Farlee 5
66.  Leona Wehenkel 1; Mary Luebcke 3; Matilda Wilke 4; Mrs. Mary Lee Timperley 5;
Mrs. Rose Kivett 7; Mrs. Margaret White 8
67.  Clara Worre 1; Ione Oss 3; Ione Oss 4; VaLores Broberg 5; VaLoris Broberg 6;
Regina Van Ert 7; Mrs. Verna K. Johnson 8
68.  Helen Kounovsky 1; Lois Juelson 3; Arlene Vaage 4; Mirian Bonner 5;
Janet Larson 7; Mrs. Marion Nygren 8; Mrs. Martha Ann Anderson 9
69.  Mildred Smith 1; Donna Wood 3; Faun Thomas 4; Mrs. Margaret M. White 5;
Marjorie Gall 7
70.  Lucille Goodman 1; Antoinette Kuehn 3; Antoinette Kuehn 4; Ruth Schroeder 5;
Lorene Meier 6
71.  Fern Minkler 1; Viola Carnes 3; Ellen Schumacher 4; Mrs. Emma Jorgensen 8
73.  Violet Scroeder 1; Helene Ruegge 3; Fern M. Schroeder 4; Betty Werner 7;
Mrs. Harriet Lewis 8; Miss Jessie Nedrebet 9
74.  Forrest Swoboda 1; Helen Cederlind 3; Elizabeth Fitcher 4;
75.  Louise Terry 1; Beulah Penwell 2; Helen Robertson 3; Helen Robertson 4;
Jeanette Kinne 5; Lillian Stevens 7
76.  Eva Grant 1; Elnora Hepfinger 3; Lota Muffly 4; Isabelle Munger 5;
JoAnne Avery 7; Mrs, Mabel Van Ert 8
77.  Lois Shipley 1; Lucille Baker 3; Rubye McCarroll 4; Marjorie Munger 6;
Dorothy Sullivan 7; Mrs. Doris Dunivan 8; Mrs. Jean Carstens 9
78.  Margaret Malone 1; Izola Higbee 2; Ruth Yenter 3; Louise Palmer 4;
Darleen Meier 5
79.  Esther Fuhrman 1; Agnes Wagner 3; Claudia Bauer 4; Martha Kubes 5;
LaVon Praeuner 7; Mrs. Geraldine Schroeder 8
82.  Pearl Ferris 1; Belle Gibbs 2; Vivian Huebner 3; Vivian  Huebner 4;
Dorothy Deuel 5; Mabel Arnold 7; Mrs. Hilda D. Pospisil 8
83.  Mr. Hubbard 2, Miss Starkey 2, Myrtle Johnson 2, Opal Ikenburg 2,
N. H. Noragon 3, Nettie R. Russell 3, Myrtle Johnson 3, Helen Johnson 3;
Geraldine Uphoff 5; Marjorie Helmberger 5; Shirley Miller 7, Florence Van 7
85.  Lucille Otterpohl 1; Lucille Otterpohl 2; Mary Watkins 3; Mary Watkins 4;
Ruth Osborne 5; JoAnn Vakoc 7; Mrs. Marie Satchell 8
86.  Vesta Sasse 1; Ruby McCarroll 2; Agnes Clark 3; Agnes Clark 4; Ida Mae Clark 5;
LaRue Boschen 7; Mrs. Amelia Kierstead 8
87.  Mrs. Ardith Boumann 5; Mrs. Helen Wiedeman 6; Helen Wiedman 7;
Mrs. Claribel E. Wulf 8, Mrs. Doris Carey 8; Mrs. Jeanne Nelson 9,
Mrs. Dawn Dederman 9, Mrs. Ruth Brown 9, Loren Kment 9
88.  Mrs. Ella Marshall 8, Mrs. Mildred Liveringhouse 8; Mrs. Ardell Hansen 9,
Mrs.JoAnne Duhachek 9
91.  Mrs. Bessie Horner 8; Mrs. Claribel Wulf 9
94.  Miss Marlys Schumacher 8
95.  Mrs. Irene Lee 9, Miss Mary Ann Koenig 9, Mrs. Lorraine Gladem 9
96.  Mrs. Lorraine Anderson 9, Mrs. Doris Dunivan 9, Mrs. Elizabeth Deckert 9
97.  Mrs. Emma Letterman 9, Mrs. Mildred Liveringhouse 9
Green Garden   Theodore Kollmorgen 8, Miss Carold Wackler 8,
Mrs. Theodore Kollmorgen 8
Battle Creek Heights   Mrs. Esther Claus 8

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“With the acceptance of the Chloe school district No. 55, as a standard school by the state department of education, the number of standard schools in Madison county was increased to thirty-five.”    “The Chloe school building was erected last winter by CWA labor funds the district had on hand being used.  The board is planning dedication ceremonies after school begins, at which time the standard plate will be presented to the district by a representative of the state department of education. Members of the board are Walter E. Nelson, James Pospisil and Henry Wedekind. This is the twenty-third school building to be erected in rural districts in Madison county since Mrs. Alice Hall, county superintendent, took office.”  Source: quotes from “The Norfolk Daily News”, Wednesday, August 1, 1934 on page 2.

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Parochial Teachers
Trinity Lutheran, Madison: H. F. Ehlers 4
St. Leonard’s, Madison: Sr. Mary Inigs, principal 4; Sr. Mary Frances 4
St. John’s Lutheran, Green Garden: Herman Schmidt 4
St. Paul’s, Kalamazoo: Florence Kaufeld 4
St. Peter’s, Battle Creek Heights: Gertrude Wolter 4
St. John’s Lutheran, Battle Creek: Prof. J. H. Brase 4, Luella Sommers 4
St. Paul’s Lutheran, Norfolk: Prof. Carl Fuhrman 4, Prof. F. W. Eggers 4
Christ’s Lutheran, Norfolk: Prof. Theo. Schmidt 4, Gerhard Bode 4,
Paul Stohlman 4
Sacred Heart, Norfolk: Sr. M. Huberta, principal 4, Sr. M. Brigid 4, Sr. M. Celesta 4, Sr. M. Eulalia 4, Sr. M. Matthew 4; Sr. M. Mildred, Sr. M Aquinata 4,
Miss Loretta Barnette 4, Miss Sara Brown 4

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Wages of Rural Teachers article by Alice Leffler    Source number 6   “The Norfolk Daily News”, Wednesday, September 18, 1946 on page 1 and 8.

The information below is taken from her article. However, it has been slightly rearranged to be able to find the school numbers and board members a bit better.

District 8, west of Norfolk, $175 a month. Board members: Sam Ommerman, Lance Walmsley, Ervin Tucker

District 10, southwest of Battle Creek, $160 a month. Board members: Albert Billitter, Fred Koetter, Fred Barry

District 11, south of Norfolk on First street, $170 a month. Board members:
Karl Goetsch, Clarence Davis, Walter Rakowsky

District 20, north of Norfolk, $160 a month. Board members: Arnold Winter,
C. A. Wingate, Frank Rix

District 26, northwest of Madison, $160 a month. Board members: Charles Renner,
Mrs. June Rogers, Earl Matheson

District 29, north of Newman Grove, $175 a month. Board members:
Jerome Schumacher, Clarence Anderson

District 33, north of Meadow Grove, $165 a month. Board members: L. J. Fillmer, Homer Gableman, Guy O’Dey

District 41, north of Tilden, $160 a month. Board members: Charles Volk,
Carl Heggemeyer, Carsten Peterson

District 44, East Emerick, $160 a month. Board members: Kyle Gambill,
Donald Reeves, Kenneth Berg

District 45, north of Newman Grove, $175 a month. Board members: Anton Pieke, Rueben Nelson, E. O. Baldridge

Enola, district 47, $200 a month.   Board members: Russell Timperley, Mrs. Lena Bray, Ernest Jurgens

District 51, north of Battle Creek, $165 a month. Board members: Harold House,
Elmer Anderson, Roy Murphy

District 62, northwest of Newman Grove, $165 a month. Board members:
Clarence Duhachek, John Schwager, Ted Anderson

District 67, north of Newman Grove, $165 a month. Board members: Julius Boschen, Charles Reigle, John Koenig

District 70, southwest of Norfolk, $192.50 a month. Board members: Otto Nathan, William Greipentrog, Albert VanGrundy

District 77, north of Meadow Grove, $165 a month. Board members: Rudolph Larson, Lena Adams, J. F. Means

District 87, east of Norfolk, $200 a month,  Board members: Mrs. J. A. Weiler,
Leo Wichert, George Hunt

“Recalls Low Salaries
When Mrs. Homan Breidert took office twelve years ago, salaries were very low, although many second year teachers were available. ‘One teacher was being paid $25 a month and several received only $35.’ Mrs. Breidert recalled. She glanced at her report for 1938, but found no average salary stated. ‘I was so ashamed at the small salaries,’ she explained, ‘that I didn’t put that in my booklets.’  She considers salaries are high at this time, especially when one knows, as she does, how many of the teachers are without experience. While she does not recommend lowering salaries she intimated that an inexperienced teacher receiving $150 or over per month, should feel herself fortunate.”  Quoted from “The Norfolk Daily News”, Wednesday, September 18, 1946 on page 8.

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The following information taken from “The Norfolk Daily News”, Wednesday, September 18, 1946 on page 1.

Rural Schools Engage More Teachers
Districts 53, 56 and 64 have reopened
District 47 and 83 hired two teachers this year due to increased beginner enrollment.
“Liberty School, No. 83, has nine beginners, Mrs. Shirley Miller, lower grade teacher, has 17 children in the beginner, first and second grade.”
14 teachers are teaching for the first time.  6 teachers are again teaching after being out of the profession for a year or more. “Six are teaching on a temporary certificates while earning renewal credits. All have more than 21 college hours with 12 in education. (This is the minimum requirement.) No permits to teach have been is-sped since 1927. One of the teachers has a college degree.”   *is the wording is-sped should it be issued?

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